Clinical Scales
Total0/ 67
Minimal

Clinician-rated

CIWA-Ar

Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol, revised

A ten-item clinician-rated assessment of alcohol withdrawal severity, scored 0–67. Nine items are rated 0–7; orientation is rated 0–4. Commonly drives symptom-triggered benzodiazepine protocols; reassess at protocol-defined intervals.

For use by qualified clinicians as a decision-support aid. Scores support but do not replace clinical judgment. This is not a diagnostic instrument and no information is stored or transmitted.

Assess and rate each of the ten criteria. Record the time, total score, medication given, and the reassessment interval.

  1. 1. Nausea and vomiting

    Ask: “Do you feel sick to your stomach? Have you vomited?”

  2. 2. Tremor

    Have patient extend arms and spread fingers.

  3. 3. Paroxysmal sweats
  4. 4. Anxiety

    Ask: “Do you feel nervous?”

  5. 5. Agitation
  6. 6. Tactile disturbances

    Ask about itching, pins and needles, burning, numbness, or a feeling of bugs crawling on or under the skin.

  7. 7. Auditory disturbances

    Ask about awareness of sounds, harshness, or hearing things that are not there.

  8. 8. Visual disturbances

    Ask about light sensitivity, altered colour, or seeing things that are not there.

  9. 9. Headache, fullness in head

    Do not rate for dizziness or lightheadedness.

  10. 10. Orientation and clouding of sensorium

    Ask: “What day is this? Where are you? Who am I?”

Score interpretation

ScoreSeverityGuidance
07 MinimalMinimal withdrawal; medication generally not required.
815 Mild–moderateSymptom-triggered medication commonly indicated (≥8).
1620 Moderate–severeModerate to severe withdrawal; treat and reassess frequently.
2167 SevereSevere withdrawal; high risk of seizures / delirium tremens — escalate care.
Source: Sullivan JT, Sykora K, Schneiderman J, Naranjo CA, Sellers EM. Assessment of alcohol withdrawal: the revised Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol (CIWA-Ar). Br J Addiction. 1989;84(11):1353–1357.